Pathogenesis of Fever: Are Circulating Pyrogenic Cytokines the Only Mediators?

Circulating cytokines as mediators of fever.

The febrile response is thought to be mediated by endogenous mediators, generically called "endogenous pyrogens." In the classical model of pathogenesis, induction of fever is mediated by the release of pyrogenic cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and interferons into the bloodstream in response to exogenous pyrogens. These mediators act at the level of the...

Cytokines as mediators in the pathogenesis of septic shock.

Staphylococcal scarlet fever: role of pyrogenic exotoxins.

Staphylococcal pyrogenic exotoxin (PE) types A and B were tested for their role in production of a scarlatiniform rash. The PEs elicited minimal skin reactions after intracutaneous injection into animals not presensitized to the toxins. In contrast, erythematous injection into animals not presensitized to the toxins. In contrast, erythematous and edematous rashes were produced after administrat...

Circulating and Ex Vivo Production of Pyrogenic Cytokines and Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist in 123 Patients with Fever of Unknown Origin

Mediators of Fever and Muscle

These new findings 2 extend the concept that activated PROTEOLYSIS phagocytic cells can produce hormone-like mediators to 0 signal distant tissues. Mediator activities are reflected by T IE accelerated catabolism of skeletal-muscle protein a variety of names,5 including "leukocytic pyrogen," "enthat accompanies severe trauma or infection can now be dogenous pyrogen," "leukocytic endogenous medi...